远东问题最终解决之症结,不系于对日作战,不系于某些列qiáng施加之外来gān涉;不系于任何治标之方法,也不是由列qiáng在华势力均衡或门户开放政策所造成的;更不系于采用日本之门罗主义;凡此种种皆不是最终解决之方法。真正、最终解决之道一定是另有法门--它较吾人今日所想象者当更为深奥。余也不知其在何处,只知它不在哪些地方罢了。还是让吾辈作些冷静、客观之研究吧!从长计议罢!
深盼诸位在詈骂余之前,细读拙文,实不胜企祷之至!
诸位之弟胡适谨上
纽约,绮色佳
读三月份《学生月报》已,已就寝矣,辗转不能成寐,披衣起坐,作此书至夜分二时半始睡。
二五、吾国之岁出岁入
二六、星期日之演说词
(三月廿二日)
thechristiansarechristiansingivingcharitiesandintheirprivateandcivildealings.buttheyarenotchristianswhentheycometointernationalrelations.they“strainatagnat,andswallowacamel!”solongastheprofessedlychristiannationsrecognizenoauthoritybutthatofthe“mailedfist”;solongastheyhavenoregardfortherightandclaimsoftheweakernations;solongastheyplacenationalandcommercialgainandterritorialaggressionoverandabovethedictatesofjusticeandrighteousness,-solongchristianitycanneverbecomeaworldpower,solongallyourmissionaryworkcanneverlongendureandwillallbesweptawayatasignalofmars!
thiswasthestatementofsuhhu,awell-knownchinese,inhislecturelastnightatthepresbyterianchurchon“thechristianopportunityinchina,”thefifthinaseriesoftalkson“thespiritualsignificanceofsecularcallings.”suchwashisopinion,hesaid,afterconsideringthegermanseizureofkiac-chauof1897andthefrenchseizureofkwangchowbayof1898,underthepretextthattwogermanmissionariesandonefrenchmissionaryhadbeenkilledbythemob,bothactsbeingresponsiblefortheboxeruprisingin1900.suhhucontinued:
“ifchristianityistobecomeaworldreligion,itisthedutyofeveryindividualchristianandeverychristianchurchtopledgehimself,herself,oritselftoraisethepresentstandardofinternationalmorality.mostofyoutakeitforgrantedthatwhatyouarefondofcalling‘civilization’isbaseduponthesolidrockofchristianity.butletmetellyouwithallsinceritythatthepresentcivilizationisfounded,notuponthechristianidealsofloveandrighteousness,butuponthelawofthejungle-thelawthatmightmakesright!thinkofthemanychristiannationsnowprayinginthechurchesandtothechristiangodforvictoryandsuccessintheireffortstodestroytheirfellowchristians!andthenthinkofthechristiancommandment:‘loveyeoneanother;lovethyenemy;resistnotevil’.”
aftershowingthegrowingpopularityofchristianityinchinaandthegradualremovalofsuchdifficultiesasthosewhichthepioneermissionaryhadtoencounter,thespeakerdevotedmuchtimetodiscussingwhatthemissionarieshavedoneandcandointhatvastcountry.therearethreelinesofworkwhichthechristianmayaccomplish:first,makingconverts;second,spreadingthechristianideasandideals;andthird,renderingpracticalservice.
“therewasatimewhenthemissionarieswerepaidaccordingtothenumberorconvertstheyhadmade.butthatisnotwhatchinawants,norisitwhatthechurchesshouldemphasizeinsendingtheirmissionaries.
“moreimportantisthespreadingoftheessentialsofchristianity,bywhicharemeant,notthetheologicaldogmassuchasthedoctrinesofvirginbirth,oforiginalsin,ofatonement,etc.,butthetrulychristiandoctrineoflove,oflovingone’sneighbor,ofevenlovingone’senemy,ofnonresistance,offorgiveness,ofself-sacrificeandofservice.themissionaryshouldspreadbroadcastthesechristianideals,andpresentthemtothenativemindsinwhateverwayheseesfit.heshouldnotstresstheincreaseoftherollofhischurchmembers,butratherleavetheseidealstotakerootandbearfruitinthemindsofthepeople.
“athirdandstillmoreimportantobjectofthemissionaryistorenderpracticalservice,underwhichwemayenumerateeducation,socialreform,andmedicalandsurgicalmissions.alongtheselinesthechristianmissionarieshaveaccomplishedagreatdeal,especiallythemedicalmissionswhich,tomymind,arethecrowninggloryandsuccessofthemissionarypropaganda.
“therealvalueofthemissionaryliesinthefactthattheforeignmissionary,likeareturnedstudentfromabroad,alwayscarrieswithhimanewpointofview,acriticalspirit,whichisoftenlackingwhenapeoplehavegrownaccustomedandindifferenttotheexistingorderofthings,andwhichisabsolutelynecessaryforanyreformmovement.”
〔中译〕在做慈善事业方面,在处理个人事务、国内事务方面,耶教徒确实无愧为耶教徒。然而,一介入国际事务时,他们便摇身一变,不是耶教徒了。他们“小事拘谨,大事马虎”!只要这些自称信耶教之国家只认bào力,不认别的;只要他们对弱国之权利和权益不理不睬;只要他们仍置法律与正义于不顾,只管攫取国民和贸易收入,只管侵略别国领土--那么,耶教便不会成为世界上具有权威性之宗教,传教士之传道工作便不会持久地进行,一遇到战神马斯,便会被一扫而尽。
这是一个名叫胡适的着名中国人昨晚在长老会所作之演讲,题目为《耶教在中国之机会》。这是系列演讲“世俗感召之jīng神意义”之第五讲。他认为,德国借口两名传教士被bào民杀害,于一八九七年占领了胶州湾;法国也借口一名传教士被杀,于一八九八年占领了广州湾。他们之上述行径,对一九〇〇年中国发生义和团运动负有责任。胡适继续说:
“倘若耶教要成为一种世界宗教,每一个耶教徒乃至每一个教会应督促他(或她、它)自己下决心去尽之责任,乃在于提高现行国际道德水准。你们大多数人理所当然地认为,所谓‘文明’是奠基于耶教之坚固磐石之上的。然而,我要真心实意地告诉你们,现行文明并不是建立在耶教理想之爱和正义之上的,而是建立在弱肉qiáng食法则之上的--这个法则就是:有力即有理!请大家想象一下:许多耶教国家此刻正在教堂里祈祷,请求上帝赐予他们胜利与成功,好去摧残他们的耶教兄弟。接下来,请大家再想一想耶教之戒律:‘爱所有人,爱汝之敌人,对恶人也不要抵抗。’”
然后,胡适又谈到,在中国信奉耶教之人数在渐渐地增多,早期来华之传教士在中国所遭遇到的重重困难,也在慢慢地消除。接着,他又讲了一大段,关于传教士在此泱泱大国已做的和可做的那些工作。耶教徒有三项工作可做;第一,劝教;第二,传道,即传播耶教之思想与理想;第三,事功,即做许多实际的服务工作。
“传教士之功绩一度是按他们劝教之人数来衡量。可是,这却不是中国所需要的,也不应是教会当初派遣他们来华传教之目的所在。
“传播耶教之jīng华,才是至关重要的。这个jīng华并不是所谓什么神学之教条,诸如圣母诞生说、原罪说、赎罪说等等;而应该是耶教真正的爱的学说,诸如爱汝之邻人、甚至爱汝之敌人、不争主义、原恕、自我牺牲和服务等等学说。传教士应广泛传播这些耶教之理想,并将其恰当地植入人心,不论采用何种方式。他不应只看重呈滚动式增多之教民人数,而应努力使这些理想深入人心,生根发芽,开花结果。
“传教士第三个目的,也是更为重要之目的,就是做些实际的服务工作。例如,在教育、社会改革、医疗和手术等方面,传教士大有可为。诚然,在此方面,传教士们已经颇有成就,尤其是医疗卫生工作。以余观之,传教士四处布道,其至高无上之光荣即在于此,其最大之成功亦在于此。